by Sandrine Vuilleumier | 5 Jun 2022
Document of Breathing made by Isis This composition emphasises wish for the deceased to be able to breathe in the netherworld, and that the deceased is pure and sinless, the formula of which is inspired by Book of the Dead Spell 125. The copies could be dated to the...
by Sandrine Vuilleumier | 5 Jun 2022
First Document of Breathing In this composition, the deceased identifies him/herself as different deities, invokes various deities, and pleads to Thoth that he/she be justified like Osiris against enemies. Parts of this composition show strong influence of the Book of...
by Sandrine Vuilleumier | 5 Jun 2022
Second Document of Breathing The Second Document of Breathing, generally placed beneath the deceased’s feet, contains the deceased’s addresses to different deities, the wish of preservation of his/her name, a formula that originated from the Pyramid Text...
by Sandrine Vuilleumier | 5 Jun 2022
Owners of Documents of Breathing The owners or beneficiaries of Documents of Breathing were often priests who belonged to the high clergy of Amun-Ra. They were working in the temple of Karnak on the east bank. The funerary documents of these priests display an array...
by Sandrine Vuilleumier | 5 Jun 2022
Documents of Breathing of the Bibliothèque nationale de France The publication of the Documents of Breathing from the Bibliothèque nationale de France is planned in collaboration with Vanessa Desclaux. Researchers involved Sandrine Vuilleumier Cyprian H.W. Fong Lauren...
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